Prostitutes Cantonment,

They should only entertain the men in their own houses which should be duly numbered, as it was known that men were reluctant to point out the woman who had infected them. This arose due to a rampant social evil prevalent in nineteenth century Bengal and which was the obsession of upper-caste Bengalis to have their daughters married to a Kulin Prostitutes Cantonment irrespective of his age. They were labelled as coming from the coolie-class of women —the grass-cutters and the ditch-diggers who were described as seen roaming about and Prostitutes Cantonment the cantonment after dark.

He spoke about geographies of the regulation of prostitution in colonial India. Though there may not appear to be an Prostitutes Cantonment link between sexuality and geography, through his talk, Steve gave examples of how the two intersect; after all, sexuality is Prostitutes Cantonment differently in different physical locations.

He spoke about the geographies of inclusion and exclusion in the context of prostitution. Prostitution was not only Prostitutes Cantonment down upon because of sexuality but also because of gender.

When Lieutenant-General Lord Sandhurst was questioned before the Royal Commission of as to the advisability of soldiers being periodically examined by male physicians, he replied that he preferred to treat his soldiers as reasonable men, not as brutes.

For example, women in prostitution in a patriarchal society at that time, Prostitutes Cantonment not only selling sex, but were also transgressing gender norms because mostly, women did not work to earn money. He spoke of how in spite of the many laws and regulations in force, those laws may Prostitutes Cantonment necessarily have been followed or implemented.

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There were strong underlying currents of why prostitution should be allowed, with the belief Prostitutes Cantonment that if men were not allowed physical relief they would start having sex with other men or boys.

Through his presentation Steve showed how spatial criteria Prostitutes Cantonment important determinants in cases of policy and law making. Please click here for a copy of his write up. The presentation Prostitutes Cantonment attended by about 30 people. Comments, questions and general discussion followed. There were queries about whether the speaker had had a look at other regions apart from Delhi or if he had a sense of the number of sex workers at these sites.

Prostitutes Cantonment replied that for the scope of this presentation, he had broadly looked at the issue of prostitution in Delhi and although the Prostitutes Cantonment figures of prostitutes was prostitutes in houses in the city based on a survey of ; he added that these figures are Prostitutes Cantonment no means conclusive.

There was Prostitutes Cantonment query into whether there was a shift in the focus in the 19th century from that of protecting soldiers from contagious diseases to that of the regulation of public morality.

The system Prostitutes Cantonment for furnishing sensual indulgence to the British soldier, and for protecting him from diseases consequent on such indulgence was commonly called the Contagious Diseases Act, but was carried out under Cantonment Regulations, and was as follows in its main features: There were placed with each regiment of about a thousand soldiers from twelve to fifteen native women, who dwelt in appointed houses called chaklas. These women were allowed to consort with British soldiers only, and were registered by the Cantonment Magistrate, and tickets of licence were given them.

Besides the chakla, that is, brothel, there was in each Cantonment a prison hospital, Prostitutes Cantonment which the patients were confined against their will. To these Lock Hospitals, the women were obliged to go periodically generally once a week for an indecent examination, to see Prostitutes Cantonment every part of the body was free from any trace of Prostitutes Cantonment likely to spread from them to the soldiers, as the result of immoral relations.

When a regiment came into a large Cantonment, there would be a government brothel Prostitutes Cantonment which all such women were sent for residence, and a guard in uniform looked after them.

When the soldiers were camped out in the open field, tents were set up for the women at the back part of the encampment. When the soldiers marched, the women were carried in carts, with the British soldiers to guard them, or Prostitutes Cantonment by train to the destination of the regiment. These women was placed under a superintendent or brothel-keeper, called the Mahaldarni, one of whose duty comprised of procuring more such women as and when desired.

As a result, under it there was an officially sanctioned and blatant Prostitutes Cantonment of Indian women sanctioned by none other than the regimental commanding-officers of the various British regiments. The Commanding Officer gave orders to his Quartermaster to arrange with the regimental kotwal to take two policemen without uniformand go into the villages and take from the homes of these poor people their daughters from fourteen years and upwards, about twelve or fifteen girls at a time.

They were to select the best-looking. Next morning, these were all put in front of the Colonel and Quartermaster.

Archives: Prostitutes and Politics: the Tolerated Brothels Debate in Colonial India

The former Prostitutes Cantonment his selection Prostitutes Cantonment the number required. They were Prostitutes Cantonment presented with a pass or licence, and then made over to the old woman in charge of this house of vice under Prostitutes Cantonment Government.

The women already there, who were examined by the doctor, and found diseased, had their passes taken away from them, and were then removed by the police out of the Cantonment, and these fresh, innocent girls put in their places.

Application has been made to the Cantonment Magistrate of Umballa for others, but Prostitutes Cantonment to date none has arrived; therefore, it is presumed a great difficulty exists in procuring the class of young women asked for.

As Katherine Bushnell and Elizabeth Andrew tell us, amidst a regiment of one thousand European soldiers around fifteen of these Indian girls were placed for the exclusive use of the Lal-Kurti English Soldiers. Thus, when patronised to such an extent by their own officers, at least, eight hundred to nine hundred of the young English soldiers would have availed of their services, and the number which would have to be served daily can well be imagined because even at a minimum estimate of only a quarter of the total regimental-demand asking for sex daily, each of the regimental prostitutes would have to serve from fifteen to twentyfive soldiers at Prostitutes Cantonment very minimum.

Thus, when these sons of the English working class would have satiated their lust to perfection, and impregnated them with the whole range of STDs which could possibly be spread, he would then have the double luxury of first defiling and diseasing the poor unfortunate girl, and, thereafter, informing about her Prostitutes Cantonment body in which he and his fellow comrade-in-arms were culprits to the military physician-surgeon. The result of which would be her being summoned by the Cantonment Prostitutes Cantonment to appear before the regimental physician for a physical inspection.

They should only entertain the men in their own houses which should be duly numbered, as Prostitutes Cantonment was known that men were reluctant to point out the woman who had infected them. Inexpensively built mud-walls with tiled roofs of a village character would best suit the occasion. Then again see the intense gender-bias Prostitutes Cantonment he says that it was the woman who infected the English soldier. Now, in reality, since so few women had to serve such a large group of soldiers, varying from a few hundred to a thousand, the probability is much more for her gaining infections from the Prostitutes Cantonment soldiers, than vice-versa.

Indian prostitutes a more miserable who were examined by the doctors periodically. In every British cantonment Cakals (popularly known as red light. What: regulated prostitution in British military cantonments. put into place army. subjected prostitutes to registration with cantonment magistrate.

However, to Prostitutes Cantonment British Civilian-cum-Military Officers, the registered-cum-unregistered prostitutes were the source-pools of the syphilitic and gonorrhea germs. The threat from the unregistered prostitutes was regarded as Prostitutes Cantonment harmful. They were labelled as coming from the coolie-class of women —the Prostitutes Cantonment and the ditch-diggers who were described as seen roaming about and inside the cantonment after dark. Here, they swarm not only the by-lanes and back-slums of Calcutta, but also its principal thorough-fares, polluting the atmosphere of our neighbourhood and scandalising the morals of the population.

The British appear to be hypocrites Prostitutes Cantonment excellence. To show the superiority of their own puritanical values they had to show the Orient in poor light as a region where prostitution was openly acceptable to society and to show oriental women as one of loose morals or even outright prostitutes. Phillipa Levine in one of her articles tells of how a British doctor stationed in colonial Burma in believed the Burmese women as unchaste and considered them as very Prostitutes Cantonment approximating to outright prostitutes.

Commenting upon the perceptions of the colonial British administrators, she writes: Modernity and rationality implied containing and Prostitutes Cantonment sexual instincts in ways that Prostitutes Cantonment claimed were beyond the reach of less advanced peoples. This is a mistake. Old women go between persons who are strangers to each other, and in our large towns there are regular meeting houses where men and outwardly respectable women are brought together.

The majority of these women who visit these houses I am Prostitutes Cantonment are married women.

When Lieutenant-General Lord Sandhurst was questioned before the Royal Commission of as to the advisability of soldiers being periodically examined by male physicians, he replied that he preferred to treat his soldiers as reasonable men, not as brutes.

About a quarter of a Prostitutes Cantonment later inwhen the then Secretary of War, Lord Lansdowne, was asked about the practicability of measures regarding the periodical examination of military personnel, he remarked that the issue had been discussed with all the high authorities of Prostitutes Cantonment Army, and that the soldiers unanimously considered it as brutalising and degrading, and that he concurred with the Prostitutes Cantonment of the men.

He can be contacted through email at Stephen.

Now when one takes into consideration that these soldiers and officers would never have had to undergo the inspection of their private parts by a female doctor, whereas women, whom society branded as prostitutes, were forced by law to undergo this inspection periodically, and that too at the hands of a male physician, the gross bias and injustice perpetrated by the Prostitutes Cantonment dominant society is so palpably visible.

Sumanta Banerjee has Prostitutes Cantonment wide variety Prostitutes Cantonment official and non-official sources predominantly the latter. His use of the latter comprises numerous newspapers and periodicals as well as a genre of mid to late nineteenth century Bengali satirical literature. The learned author uses the Bengali satirical works to bring the hidden voice of the Baishya Vaishya out into the open and to portray the hypocrisy of the self-righteous Bengali middle-class male in its true colours.

Yet, at the same time, it cannot be denied that these works were printed to cater to a rising local demand for literature of the sensational or titillating type they can be equated with the modern day tabloid press.

He tells us how the British officialdom, obsessed Prostitutes Cantonment it was with castes and religious segregation, also differentiated the prostitutes on Prostitutes Cantonment same basis. There were a the high-caste Brahmin prostitute who lived a relatively independent life as she was maintained by a Prostitutes Cantonment patron; b the prostitute of good caste by this the officials might have meant non-Brahmanical but not of the lower castes who also lived by herself but had relatively smaller means at her disposal, and who received a limited number of clients of her Prostitutes Cantonment or superior caste; c the third category comprised again of Hindu prostitutes who did not have the means to operate from residences of their own, resided in rented accommodation under a Bareewallah to whom they paid rent for their lodgings and food; these invited Hindu customers only but from all castes thereby appearing to be more eclectic-minded than the two earlier categories; d dancing women of both Hindu and Muslim creeds who often lived together and invited customers irrespective of caste and creed; e public prostitutes of Muslim creed; f the low-caste Hindu prostitutes; g the Christian and European prostitutes.

Prostitutes Cantonment also gives us some interesting facts Prostitutes Cantonment to their numbers and religious composition.

He cites the official Prostitutes Cantonment pertaining to the Calcutta Prostitutes Cantonment the s and s for what they are worth since no census of the country took place prior to that revealed that in Calcutta in the Prostitutes Cantonmentthere were estimated to be around 12, prostitutes of whom 10, were believed to be Kulin widows or daughters of Kulin Brahmins.

In total, Calcutta in was estimated to have 12, prostitutes which in a space of just fourteen years was estimated at 30, If Prostitutes Cantonment latter figure is correct, then nearly 7. Now, Caroline Sledgholme and Indrani Sinha, citing the Census figures for Calcutta, tell us that there were 14, prostitutes who were calculated at 25 per cent of the working women Prostitutes Cantonment the metropolis. Yet, these figures do not tally with the universal perception of the terrible expansion in the trafficking and prostitution of minor girls and adult women.

I have some reasons for discounting both figures.

It is a recognised fact that British Census Enumerators clubbed all the children Prostitutes Cantonment prostitutes in the same category as their mothers. Prostitutes Cantonment the same tendency to paint the entire family of a prostitute as such existed in the case of Calcutta, this would inflate the number of female sex-workers by Prostitutes Cantonment factor of two to three so that in the British figures for 30, could in reality mean 10, females as were actually engaged in the sex-trade.

Similarly, Sledgholme and Sinha, by referring to only those who live and work in red-light areas, may be drastically underestimating the true menace. That such floating sex-workers visit Sonagachhi.

The spatial geography of their Prostitutes Cantonment shows that, though the initial nucleus of the red-light region in colonial Calcutta lay in the Sonagacchi area comprising the Chitpore Road and the by-lanes emanating from it such as Sinduriapattiby the s and s, the red-light areas Prostitutes Cantonment to central and southern Prostitutes Cantonment with Bowbazaar, Kidderpore, Bhawanipore and the dock-area showing a proliferation of brothels.

In fact, even the nerve-centre of British colonial administration at Fort Williams was not left untouched and the soldiers and sailors stationed therein were catered to by numerous Indian and European prostitutes. One interesting case which was reported by a journal of the first half of 19th century shows that in British India, the higher-class prostitutes did not submit to exploitation meekly even at the hands of their patrons and were quick to seek the remedy of the criminal courts.

In this case, one Huroo Khankee had initiated a case of burglary Prostitutes Cantonment two persons by the name of Bhairab Ganguly and Bhagwan Ghosh. The prosecutrix openly confessed before the court that she was a prostitute who was living as a tenant by hiring a room in a house in Shiboo Shibu Thakur Lane, Calcutta, and owned by one Shibu Sahu.

Prostitution in Colonial India

She remarked that there were four to five other prostitutes residing in the same house who like her had hired single rooms. They were either in the keep of babus or entertained customers secretively. The plaintiff also told the judge that she was being kept as a joint mistress of Prostitutes Cantonment two accused, Bhairab Ganguly and Bhagwan Ghosh, each Prostitutes Cantonment whom were to pay her eight rupees per month separately.

Prostitutes Cantonment,

In this case, one Huroo Khankee had initiated a case of burglary against two persons by the name of Bhairab Ganguly and Bhagwan Ghosh. Feminism asks for restoring the dignity of women, and for granting her equal rights, power and opportunity with men. Her father was forced by the prevailing social practices of the Licchavi Kingdom to hand her over as the common property of the high and mighty of Vaishali.

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